The periodontium is the complex system of tissues that surround and support the teeth, comprising the gums (gingiva), periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. This specialized apparatus is essential for maintaining the health and stability of the teeth, allowing for proper chewing, speaking, and smiling. However, sometimes the periodontium may get infected due to bacterial invasion and several other causes. In this blog, the dentist in Sacramento, CA will explore the possible causes and symptoms of periodontal disease. So read on!
Exploring the causes of periodontal disease
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is caused by a combination of factors, including:
Bacterial infection: Bacteria in plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, form on teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and infection.
Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up, increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
Genetics: Some people may be more susceptible to periodontal disease due to genetic factors.
Smoking: Smoking and tobacco use increase the risk of periodontal disease.
Diabetes: People with diabetes are more prone to periodontal disease.
Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants, antihistamines, and painkillers, can increase the risk of periodontal disease.
Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menopause, or puberty can increase the risk of periodontal disease.
Poor diet: A diet lacking essential nutrients, such as vitamin C and calcium, can contribute to periodontal disease.
Age: Periodontal disease is more common in older adults.
Stress: Stress can weaken the immune system, making it harder to fight off infections like periodontal disease.
Grinding and clenching: Grinding and clenching teeth can put additional stress on the gums and bone, increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
Dental appliances: Improperly fitted dental appliances, such as braces or dentures, can increase the risk of periodontal disease.
Risk factors:
Family history: Having a family history of periodontal disease increases the risk.
History of periodontal disease: If you’ve had periodontal disease before, you’re more likely to develop it again.
Gum recession: Exposed roots can increase the risk of periodontal disease.
Cracks in teeth: Cracks in teeth can provide a pathway for bacteria to enter the gum tissue.
Inadequate fillings: Inadequate fillings can leave bacteria trapped in the tooth, increasing the risk of periodontal disease.
Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices can help prevent periodontal disease.
Unwinding the symptoms of periodontal disease
Periodontal disease can exhibit a range of symptoms, including:
Bleeding gums: Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing.
Swollen gums: Gums that are red, swollen, and tender to the touch.
Bad breath: Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.
Loose teeth: Teeth that feel loose or move slightly when touched.
Painful chewing: Pain or discomfort when chewing or biting food.
Gum recession: Exposed roots due to gum tissue receding.
Pus between teeth and gums: Pus or discharge between teeth and gums, indicating an infection.
Tender gums: Gums that are sensitive to touch or pressure.
Changes in bite: Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting or chewing.
Tooth loss: In severe cases, periodontal disease can lead to tooth loss.
Gum abscesses Painful abscesses or pus-filled pockets in the gums.
Redness and inflammation: Red, inflamed gums that may be tender to the touch.
Bleeding when eating: Bleeding when eating or drinking, especially with hard or crunchy foods.
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, which can lead to periodontal disease if left untreated.
Keep in mind that some people may not exhibit any symptoms at all, even if they have periodontal disease. Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection and treatment. Consult your dentist as soon as you notice the first sign of periodontal disease for prompt diagnosis and treatment.
